Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Non-Genetic Reprogramming of Monocytes via Microparticle Phagocytosis for Sustained Modulation of Macrophage Phenotype

doi: 10.1101/674598

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Size distribution of single-emulsion PLGA microparticles fabricated with no drug (Blank), with Dex, or with the fluorescent model drug tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC). (B) Cells loaded with fluorescent microparticles can be imaged over time. (C) Cell area, and thus monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, is not affected by intracellular microparticle loading. Box and whisker plot represents all data ranging from the minimum to the maximum. (D-E) Intracellular fluorescent microparticles were quantified on a single cell level for number of intracellular microparticles and intracellular microparticle intensity over time per cell (1589 cells analyzed from n=8 experimental replicates). (F-J) Five days after TRITC microparticle administration, cells were stained for nuclei (DAPI, blue) and BuGR2, a glucocorticoid receptor (green) that can be found in the cytoplasm, for imaging along with TRITC (red; n=3). Areas where TRITC signal co-localized with the BuGR2 signal are represented in white. (K) Conditioned media from macrophages loaded with fluorescent microparticles was quantified spectrophotometrically to assess the concentration of extracellular TRITC release from the cells over time (n=22). (L-M) Representative images of untreated macrophages or TRITC microparticle-loaded macrophage morphology and density after 43 days of in vitro culture. Data represent mean ± SD for all graphs. Box and whisker plots represent 5-95 th percentile of the data with the remaining data plotted as points. Scale bars = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Depending on the group, 100 µg/mL of the model drug tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC; Invitrogen; cat. #A1318), 400 µg/mL of the model drug Nile Red (Acros Organics; cat. # 415711000), and/or increasing concentrations of dexamethasone (Dex; Alfa Aesar, cat. #A17590) ranging from 0 to 25 mg/mL were added to the organic phase.

Techniques: Whisker Assay, Staining, Imaging, Concentration Assay, In Vitro

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Targeting bone marrow adipocyte-driven fatty acid metabolism to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer bone metastasis

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03792-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of interactions between adipocytes and lung cancer cells on tumor lipid metabolism and drug resistance. ( a ) Bubble plot showing significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism, drug resistance, and DNA damage repair between tumor tissues from lung cancer patients and bone metastasis patients, as well as their quantification results ( b-d ). ( e ) Representative immunofluorescence staining images of ELOVL1, ERCC1, and PARP1 in primary lung cancer tissues and bone metastasis tumor tissues. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( f ) IVIS fluorescence imaging of tibial tumors in HFD and control mice 14 d post LLC cells implantation, n = 4 per group. ( g ) Significantly enriched KEGG pathways from transcriptomic sequencing of tibial tumors in HFD and control mice. The red words highlight signaling pathways associated with fatty acid metabolism. ( h ) Schematic illustration of adipocyte differentiation and co-culture with A549 cells. ( i ) Significantly enriched KEGG pathway enrichment of differentially altered metabolites in tumor cells co-cultured with adipocytes. ( j ) Representative Oil Red O staining images of A549 cells and Adi-A549 cells. Scale bar = 50 μm. ( k ) Intracellular lipid content of A549 cells and Adi-A549 cells, n = 3 per group. ( l ) Cell viability of different cell types under varying concentrations of CDDP, n = 5 per group. ( m-o ) Western blot assays showing the expression and quantification of SCD-1 and ELOVL1 in A549 cells and Adi-A549 cells, n = 3 per group. ( p ) Western blot assays showing the protein expression of ERCC1 and PARP1 in A549 cells or Adi-A549 cells with or without C75. Data are mean ± SD. P values by two-sided t-test when comparing two groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: The Total Glutathione Assay Kit and Lipid Droplets Red Fluorescence Assay Kit with Nile Red were both obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Imaging, Control, Sequencing, Protein-Protein interactions, Co-Culture Assay, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Targeting bone marrow adipocyte-driven fatty acid metabolism to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer bone metastasis

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03792-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation and characterization of KACP NP @Asp. ( a ) Composition of the small-molecule inhibitor library for fatty acid synthesis, including the names and chemical formulas of each inhibitor. ( b ) The effects of each inhibitor on A549/CDDP cell viability alone or combined with CDDP, n = 5 per group. ( c, d ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and hydrodynamic size distribution of KACP NP @Asp. Scale bar = 1μm. ( e ) The size distribution of KACP NP and KACP NP @Asp as a function of incubation time, n = 3 per group. ( f, g ) Elemental mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectrum images of KACP NP @Asp. Scale bar = 200nm. ( h ) UV-vis absorption spectra showing the optical properties of various groups. ( i ) Platinum release of KACP NP @Asp under pH 7.4 and 5.0 conditions after 2 h and 24 h, n = 3 each condition. ( j ) Fluorescence distribution and quantitative analysis of bone slices following interventions in different groups, n = 3 per group. Data are mean ± SD. P values by two-sided t-test when comparing two groups and one-way ANOVA when comparing three or more groups * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The Total Glutathione Assay Kit and Lipid Droplets Red Fluorescence Assay Kit with Nile Red were both obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Incubation, Spectroscopy, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Targeting bone marrow adipocyte-driven fatty acid metabolism to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer bone metastasis

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03792-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: The in vitro effects of KACP NP @Asp on inhibiting lipid metabolism. ( a ) Representative immunofluorescence images of Nile Red staining in various treatment groups. Scale bar = 25 μm. ( b ) Intracellular lipid content of A549/CDDP cells in various treatment groups, n = 3 per group. ( c ) Heatmap of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) sequencing in glyceryl phosphatide of A549/CDDP cells after PBS or KACP NP @Asp treatment. ( d, e ) Quantification of MUFA levels in PE-O and LPI of A549/CDDP cells following PBS or KACP NP @Asp treatment, n = 3 per group. ( f ) Quantification of palmitic acid level of A549/CDDP cells following PBS or KACP NP @Asp treatment, n = 3 per group. ( g, h ) Fold-changes of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols in KACP NP @Asp group compared to PBS group, n = 3 per group. ( i-k ) Western blot assays showing the expression and quantification of ELOVL1 and SCD-1 of A549/CDDP cells in various treatment groups, n = 3 per group. ( l ) Representative immunofluorescence images of Dil staining in various treatment groups. Scale bar = 25 μm. ( m, n ) Representative fluorescence images of CDDP and KACP NP @Asp uptake in A549 cells ( m ) and quantification of intracellular Pt content ( n ), n = 3 per group. Scale bar = 5 μm. Data are mean ± SD. P values by two-sided t-test when comparing two groups and one-way ANOVA when comparing three or more groups * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The Total Glutathione Assay Kit and Lipid Droplets Red Fluorescence Assay Kit with Nile Red were both obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Sequencing, Western Blot, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Targeting bone marrow adipocyte-driven fatty acid metabolism to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer bone metastasis

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03792-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: The in vivo anti-tumor effects of KACP NP @Asp. ( a, b ) IVIS fluorescence images and fluorescence intensity quantification analysis of various treatment groups on days 0, 6, and 15 after the start of treatment, n = 6 per group. ( c, d ) Survival curves and the changes in mouse body weight over time of various treatment groups, n = 6 per group. ( e, f ) Representative micro-CT images and quantitative analysis of bone parameters for various treatment groups, PBS: n = 5, CDDP and KAE: n = 3, KACP NP @Asp: n = 6. ( g-h ) Representative immunofluorescence images and fluorescence intensity quantification of TUNEL, ERCC1, SCD-1, and γH2A.X in tumor tissue sections from various treatment groups, n = 3 per group. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( i ) HE staining of lung and liver sections from various treatment groups. Scale bar = 100μm. Data are mean ± SD. P values by two-sided t-test when comparing two groups and one-way ANOVA when comparing three or more groups * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: The Total Glutathione Assay Kit and Lipid Droplets Red Fluorescence Assay Kit with Nile Red were both obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Fluorescence, Micro-CT, Immunofluorescence, TUNEL Assay, Staining